| Tramadol is a cyclohexanol derivative with | | | | depression in typical dosages is negligible in |
| mu-agonist activity. It has been used as an | | | | comparison with other opioids used for |
| analgesic for postoperative or chronic pain since | | | | postoperative pain management. Tramadol has |
| the late 1970s, and became one of the most | | | | been used with good results for the management |
| popular analgesics of its class in Germany. | | | | of labour pain without respiratory depression of |
| International interest has been renewed during the | | | | the neonate. It was also effective for the |
| past few years, when it was discovered that | | | | treatment of pain from myocardial ischaemia, |
| tramadol not only acts on opioid receptors, but | | | | ureteric colic and acute trauma. Good results have |
| also inhibits serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) | | | | been published for cancer pain management with |
| and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake. This | | | | tramadol in several studies. |
| review aims to provide a risk-benefit assessment | | | | The potential for abuse or addiction seems to be |
| of tramadol in the management of acute and | | | | minimal, and serious complications have not been |
| chronic pain syndromes. | | | | reported. For patients with severe pain, the |
| Tramadol has been used intraoperatively as part | | | | efficacy of morphine is superior, and most |
| of balanced anaesthesia. Such use is under | | | | patients with adequate analgesia from tramadol |
| discussion, however, as it was associated with a | | | | had to be changed to a more potent opioid after |
| high incidence of intraoperative recall and | | | | a few weeks due to increased nociceptive input |
| dreaming, and postoperative respiratory | | | | during tumour progression. |
| depression has been described after | | | | Tramadol can be recommended as a safe and |
| intraoperative administration of high doses. | | | | efficient drug for step II according to the World |
| Postoperatively, intravenous and intramuscular | | | | Health Organization guidelines for cancer pain |
| tramadol has been used with good efficacy. | | | | management. |
| Analgesic doses were comparable with pethidine | | | | There are so many sites devoting the attention |
| (meperidine) and 10 times higher than morphine. | | | | to the promotion of this drug too. is one of the |
| Nausea and vomiting were the most frequently | | | | trusted sources of this product. Visit for more |
| reported adverse effects. | | | | details. |
| In controlled studies, haemodynamic and | | | | Online Drug Storeprovides a wide range of |
| respiratory parameters were only minimally | | | | services such as drug information, health care |
| impaired. The risk of severe respiratory | | | | products and prescription medication online. |